主要语言点

1.In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which， taken together， make up the whole vocabulary.

class在本句中的意思是“种类”，相当于type， category.

class 还常用来表示“等级”，如：a second-class hotel (二等旅馆);

class 也可以用动词用，意思是“把 …分类;把…看作”，

make up 在本句中的意思是“组成、构成”，

用被动语态时则应用be made up of，

taken together 过去分词短语做后置定语，对中心词做一些附加说明，相当于一个非限定性定语从句，要用逗号和中心词隔开

2.First，there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation，which we learn，that is to say，from the members of our own family and from our friends，and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write.

句子中which引导的都是定语从句，修饰中心词words.第一个which的前面有介词with，这儿的with是familiar with中的介词前置了。Familiar with 意为“熟悉”。如：Are you familiar with the man standing over there?(站在那边的那个人你熟悉吗?)

请注意familiar with 与familiar to 的区别，familiar with 的主语通常是人，而familiar to的主语通常是物。

that is to say 是插入语，其作用是对整个一句话进行解释，类似的插入语还有so to speak， if I may say so， if you don't mind等等

2)The energy problem concerns us all (能源问题关系到我们每个人)

stock的意思很多，如“存货”，“股票”，“公债券”，“牲畜”等。

stock in trade意思是“例行工作”，“常规”，

4.Such words may be called “popular”， since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only.

since 在句中引导的是一个原因状语从句，

at large 在本句中的意思是“整个”，这个词组的意思还有很多，请看下面的句子：

1)The people at large love peace (大多数人热爱和平)

2)The virus is still at large (这种病毒还在蔓延)

3)The murderer is still at large (杀人犯仍逍遥法外)

4)He talked at large about his plans (他详尽地谈了自己的计划)

5)They made the arrangements at large (他们随意地做了安排 )